The proposed fog geoengineering to decrease the local O 3 at ground level could potentially be on avenue for addressing heavy O 3 pollution during the hot summer in megacities globally as expected.Īneja VP, Mathur R, Arya SP, Li Y, Murray GC, Manuszak TL (2000) Coupling the vertical distribution of ozone in the atmospheric boundary layer. Ozone mitigation by fog geoengineering has several advantages such as being a nature-like process, quick response, technological feasibility, efficacy, relatively low cost, and cooling effects. The mechanism of fog geoengineering is that atmosphere moisture inhibits O 3 formation by lowering air temperature, decreasing the chain length of peroxy radical chemical amplifiers (HO 2, RO 2, and RC(O)O 2), and decreasing the chain length of NO 2 by enhancing particle water, and destroys the existing O 3 photo-chemically by water vapor through catalytic O 3 destruction cycle. For instance, the mean O 3 concentrations decrease from 70.0 to 21.2 ppbv when relative humidity increases from below 40% to more than 80%, in Hangzhou city at midday times (11:00–16:00) without precipitation, during the “ozone season” from May to October of 2017. This scheme is based on my results showing that ozone levels decrease with air relative humidity. After a review of actual techniques to clean O 3 pollution in urban and industrial regions, I present a fog geoengineering scheme for abating ozone pollution at ground level by enhancing ambient moisture locally through spraying water mist into the atmosphere.
This study will provide important insights for future urban agglomeration studies and ozone pollution monitoring with geospatial datasets.High concentrations of ozone (O 3) at ground level in urban and industrial regions worldwide have long been a major air pollution issue, notably during daytime because sunlights induce the photochemical production of ozone. Based on the analysis of 71 global agglomerations during 2005–2016, it is found that: 1) not all urban agglomerations have a positive effect on ozone precursor conditions 2) the negative effects of urban agglomerations can be attributed to the low latitudes and the ecological areas ( p < 0.05) 3) the agglomeration influence intensifies with the increase of built-up area, population, and latitude ( p < 0.05) 4) the anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NO x) emission from all sectors can aggravate the magnitude of the urban agglomeration influence ( p < 0.05), while for volatile organic compounds (VOC s), only the contribution of industrial emissions is significant ( p < 0.05) and 5) in view of the temporal dynamics, the influence of urban agglomeration on ozone precursor condition is opposite in developed and developing regions. In this context, by leveraging multi-source geospatial datasets, this paper systematically gauges the influence of urban agglomerations on ozone precursor conditions and further investigates the spatiotemporal variations. Meanwhile, urban agglomerations in developed and developing regions are experiencing different urbanization processes, so a systematic comparison between these two regions is warranted. Although valuable efforts have been made, some contrary viewpoints exist. Recently, there has been raised concern about the influence of urban agglomerations on these two conditions. Urbanization significantly influences ozone via two conditions of its formation: 1) precursor concentration and 2) chemical regime.
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